Contemporary society relies heavily on fossil fuels and thus faces environmental problems that include global warming and the depletion of resources. It is essential to develop a new high-efficiency coal-based power generation system to ensure a stable energy supply. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) has vast experience with new power generation technologies based on coal-fired conventional boilers. This paper describes three related developing technical trends: Advanced biomass energy technology, A-USC (advanced ultra-super critical) boilers, and oxy-fuel combustion.