The control of global exhaust gas emissions and the legislation concerning fuel consumption have promoted the reduction of the size of engines for passenger automobiles, and as a result, the engine output per unit cylinder displacement is increasing. As the turbocharger is an effective way of making high-output engines smaller, the demand for turbochargers is increasing, and technological improvements are required. The exhaust gas temperature of gasoline engines is rising, giving better combustion efficiency, and this requires the timely development of compatible turbochargers. In the face of this global demand, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) has developed, and has started delivering to customers, compact and high-performance turbochargers capable of operating at 1,050C, the world's highest level of exhaust gas temperature.