Recently, energy security has become an important issue worldwide due to surging oil prices. There are signs of intense competition for energy resources, such as the rise in resource nationalism and the efforts of many nations to secure their interests in foreign countries. Under such circumstances, the relative decline in Japan's buying power against developing countries like China and India together with a rapidly increasing energy demand seems unavoidable in the future. Therefore, improving the energy selfsufficiency ratio and securing highly convenient liquid fuel for transportation will become important issues in Japan. Liquid fuel production technology that uses biomass gasification as its key process, integrating several technologies that have been developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), constitutes one solution to these challenges.